Wideband near field communication apparatus and method

ABSTRACT

Provided is an apparatus and method for performing a wideband short-range wireless communication using a directional antenna in a millimeter wave band, and the method for wideband short-range wireless communication according to an embodiment may determine a change of a relay operation type based on a link quality between a source node and a relay node, a link quality between the relay node and the destination node, and a link quality between the source node and the destination node, transmit a relay operation change (ROC) request message in response to a determination of the change of the relay operation type, and receive an ROC response message corresponding to the ROC request message.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for widebandshort-range wireless communication using a directional antenna in amillimeter wave band, and more particularly, relates to an apparatus andmethod for relaying a communication signal when a directional antenna isused in a wireless system supporting a reservation-based channel accesssuch as a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) or a Wireless Personal AreaNetwork (WPAN).

BACKGROUND ART

A millimeter wave band corresponding to 57 to 66 GHz may ease aworldwide shortage of frequency resources.

A millimeter wave has unique properties of a short wavelength, a highfrequency, a wideband, a large amount of exchange with atmosphericcomponents, and the like. The millimeter wave has merits of a high datatransmission rate obtained by using an ultra wideband, a high resistanceagainst interference in proximity due to a high straightness, anexcellent security, an easiness of reusing a frequency, and the like. Ashort wavelength of the millimeter wave may enable various devices to beminiaturized and less weighted.

In contrast, the millimeter wave has demerits of a short propagationlength due to an absorption by an oxygen molecule and due to aphenomenon of rain attenuation, and a line of sight may be secured dueto a characteristic of straightness.

To make up for the demerits of the millimeter wave, a directionalantenna may be used. The directional antenna may concentrate power in apredetermined direction to enhance an efficiency of an antenna gain,thereby extending a communication range. However, even though thedirectional antenna is used, when the line of sight is not secured, anattenuation loss of a signal may be great due to a transmission lengthof the signal, a reflection of the signal, and a penetration through abarrier of the signal.

Accordingly, a technology may be used to perform a communication whileminimizing an attenuation loss of a signal even when the line of sightis not secured.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION Technical Goals

An aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus and method forchanging a relay operation type from a link switching type to a linkcooperating type vice-versa according to a channel status of a relaylink and a direct link.

Another aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus and methodfor effectively preparing for a variable wireless channel state bytransmitting a data frame in a link switching type or in a linkcooperating type according to a quality of a link formed among a sourcenode, a relay node, and a destination node.

Still another aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus andmethod for reducing a loss of antenna gain of a destination nodeoccurring in a link cooperating type by changing a data frametransmission scheme from the link cooperating type to a link switchingtype according to a quality of a link formed among a source node, arelay node, and the destination node.

Technical Solutions

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided amethod for wideband short-range wireless communication, the methodincluding determining a change of a relay operation type based on a linkquality between a source node and a relay node, a link quality betweenthe relay node and the destination node, and a link quality between thesource node and the destination node, transmitting a relay operationchange (ROC) request message in response to a determination of thechange of the relay operation type, and receiving an ROC responsemessage corresponding to the ROC request message.

The ROC request message may correspond to an action frame including amedium access control (MAC) header field, an action category field, anaction value field, a dialog token field, and a relay operation typefield.

The ROC response message may correspond to an action frame including anMAC header field, an action category field, an action value field, adialog token field, and a status code field.

The relay operation type field may include a link cooperating bit field,a relay link bit field, and reserved bits.

The link cooperating bit field may be set to “1” to indicate a linkcooperating type and may be set to “0” to indicate a link switchingtype, and the relay link bit field may have a valid value when a valueof the link cooperating bit field is set to “0” may be set to “1,” whena link switching is started at a relay link, and may be set to “0” whena link switching is performed at a direct link.

The determining may include changing the relay operation type to a linkswitching type when a signal is incapable of being transmitted through adirect link or a link quality deteriorates in comparison with apredetermined criterion at the direct link while operating in a linkcooperating type, the transmitting may include transmitting the ROCrequest message to the relay node, and the receiving may includereceiving the ROC response message, including whether the change of therelay operation type of the destination node and the relay node isapproved, from the relay node.

The ROC request message may include a relay operation type field where avalue of a link cooperating bit field is set to “0” and a relay link bitfield is set to “1” and the ROC response message may include a statuscode field where a predetermined bit is set to indicate whether thechange of the relay operation type of the destination node and the relaynode is approved.

The method may further include transmitting a data frame to the relaynode when the change of the relay operation type is approved.

The determining may include changing the relay operation type to a linkswitching type when a signal is incapable of being transmitted through arelay link or a link quality deteriorates in comparison with apredetermined criterion at the relay link while operating in a linkcooperating type, the transmitting may include transmitting the ROCrequest message to the destination node, and the receiving may includereceiving the ROC response message, including whether the change of therelay operation type is approved, from the destination node.

The ROC request message may include a relay operation type field where avalue of a link cooperating bit field is set to “0” and a relay link bitfield is set to “0” and the ROC response message may include a statuscode field where a predetermined bit is set to indicate whether thechange of the relay operation type of the destination node is approved.

The method may further include transmitting a data frame to thedestination node when the change of the relay operation type isapproved.

The determining may include changing the relay operation type to a linkcooperating type while operating in a link switching type, thetransmitting may include transmitting the ROC request message to therelay node, and the receiving may include receiving the ROC responsemessage, including whether the change of the relay operation type of thedestination node and the relay node is approved, from the relay node.

The ROC request message may include a relay operation type field where avalue of a link cooperating bit field is set to “1” and the ROC responsemessage may include a status code field where a predetermined bit is setto indicate whether the change of the relay operation type of thedestination node and the relay node is approved.

The method may further include transmitting a data frame to the relaynode and the destination node based on a scheme of the link cooperatingtype when the change of the relay operation type is approved.

The destination node may have an antenna pattern set to besimultaneously directed to the relay node and the source node tosimultaneously receive data frames from the source node and the relaynode.

The method may further include determining whether a transmissiontime-point adjustment (TPA) is performed among the source node, therelay node, and the destination node, and performing the TPA among thesource node, the relay node, and the destination node when the TPA isnot performed.

The method may further include receiving a link measurement report framefrom the relay node, wherein the link measurement report frame includesa first link margin element, indicating link quality information betweenthe source node and the relay node, and a second link margin element,indicating link quality information between the relay node and thedestination node.

The method may further include changing a modulation and coding schemeused for transmitting a frame to the relay node and the destination nodebased on the link quality information between the source node and therelay node and the link quality information between the relay node andthe destination node.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided amethod for wideband short-range wireless communication, the methodincluding receiving an ROC request message from a source node inresponse to a determination of a change of a relay operation type,transmitting the received ROC request message to a destination node,receiving an ROC response message, corresponding to the ROC requestmessage, from the destination node, and transmitting the received ROCresponse message to the source node.

The transmitting to the destination node may include transmitting theROC request message by setting an MAC address of a relay node to atransmitter address of an MAC header and by setting an MAC address ofthe destination node to a receiver address of the MAC header.

The method may further include measuring a link quality between thesource node and a relay node and a link quality between the relay nodeand the destination node, and transmitting, to the source node, a linkmeasurement report frame including a first link margin elementindicating link quality information between the source node and therelay node and a second link margin element indicating link qualityinformation between the relay node and the destination node.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided amethod for wideband short-range wireless communication, the methodincluding receiving an ROC request message in response to adetermination of a change of a relay operation type, and transmitting anROC response message corresponding to the ROC request message.

The receiving may include receiving the ROC request message from a relaynode when the relay operation type is determined to be changed from alink cooperating type to a link switching type due to an incapability oftransmitting a signal through a direct link between a source node and adestination node or due to a deterioration in a link quality incomparison with a predetermined criterion at the direct link, andreceiving the ROC request message from the source node when the relayoperation type is determined to be changed from a link cooperating typeto a link switching type due to an incapability of transmitting a signalthrough a relay link among the source node, the relay node, and thedestination node or due to a deterioration in a link quality incomparison with a predetermined criterion at the relay link.

The receiving may include receiving the ROC request message from a relaynode when the relay operation type is determined to be changed from alink switching type to a link cooperating type.

The transmitting may include transmitting the ROC response message to arelay node when the relay operation type is determined to be changedfrom a link cooperating type to a link switching type due to anincapability of transmitting a signal through a direct link between asource node and a destination node or due to a deterioration in a linkquality in comparison with a predetermined criterion at the direct link,and transmitting the ROC response message to the source node when therelay operation type is determined to be changed from a link cooperatingtype to a link switching type due to an incapability of transmitting asignal through a relay link among the source node, the relay node, andthe destination node or due to a deterioration in a link quality incomparison with a predetermined criterion at the relay link.

The transmitting may include transmitting the ROC response message to arelay node when the relay operation type is determined to be changedfrom a link switching type to a link cooperating type.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided anapparatus for wideband short-range wireless communication, the apparatusincluding a control unit to determine a change of a relay operation typebased on a link quality between a source node and a relay node, a linkquality between the relay node and the destination node, and a linkquality between the source node and the destination node, a transmitterto transmit an ROC request message in response to a determination of thechange of the relay operation type, and a receiver to receive an ROCresponse message corresponding to the ROC request message.

The control unit may determine to change the relay operation type to alink switching type when a signal is incapable of being transmittedthrough a direct link or a link quality deteriorates in comparison witha predetermined criterion at the direct link while operating in a linkcooperating type, the transmitter may transmit the ROC request messageto the relay node, and the receiver may receive the ROC responsemessage, including whether the change of the relay operation type of thedestination node and the relay node is approved, from the relay node.

The transmitter may transmit a data frame to the relay node when thechange of the relay operation type is approved.

The control unit may determine to change the relay operation type to alink switching type when a signal is incapable of being transmittedthrough a relay link or a link quality deteriorates in comparison with apredetermined criterion at the relay link while operating in a linkcooperating type, the transmitter may transmit the ROC request messageto the destination node, and the receiver may receive the ROC responsemessage, including whether the change of the relay operation type isapproved, from the destination node.

The transmitter may transmit a data frame to the destination node whenthe change of the relay operation type is approved.

The control unit may determine to change the relay operation type to alink cooperating type while operating in a link switching type, thetransmitter may transmit the ROC request message to the relay node, andthe receiver may receive the ROC response message, including whether thechange of the relay operation type of the destination node and the relaynode is approved, from the relay node.

The control unit may reuse an existing value of a beamforming parameterand a value of a TPA parameter in response to a determination of achange of the relay operation type from the link switching type to thelink cooperating type before a period of time, set to a timer, passesand reperform a beamforming process and a TPA process in response to adetermination of a change of the relay operation type from the linkswitching type to the link cooperating type after a period of time, setto the timer, passes.

The transmitter may transmit a data frame to the relay node and thedestination node based on the link cooperating type scheme when thechange of the relay operation type is approved.

The apparatus may further include a link quality measurement unit tomeasure the link quality between the source node and the relay node, thelink quality between the relay node and the destination node, and thelink quality between the source node and the destination node.

Effect of the Invention

According to an aspect of the present invention, it is possible tochange a relay operation type from a link switching type to a linkcooperating type and vice versa according to a channel status of a relaylink and a direct link.

According to an aspect of the present invention, it is possible toeffectively prepare for a variable wireless channel state bytransmitting a data frame in a link switching type or in a linkcooperating type according to a quality of a link formed among a sourcenode, a relay node, and a destination node.

According to an aspect of the present invention, it is possible toreduce a loss of antenna gain of a destination node occurring in a linkcooperating type by changing a data frame transmission scheme from thelink cooperating type to a link switching type according to a quality ofa link formed among a source node, a relay node, and the destinationnode.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a wideband short-range wirelesscommunication system according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C are diagrams illustrating an action frame of arelay operation change request message and a relay operation changeresponse message used in a method for wideband short-range wirelesscommunication.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example of changing a relayoperation type from a link cooperating type to a link switching type.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating another example of changing a relayoperation type from a link cooperating type to a link switching type.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of changing a relayoperation type from a link switching type to a link cooperating type.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a method for wideband short-rangewireless communication viewed from a source node.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method for wideband short-rangewireless communication viewed from a relay node.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method for wideband short-rangewireless communication viewed from a destination node.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an apparatus for wideband short-rangewireless communication.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the presentinvention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the like elementsthroughout. The embodiments are described below in order to explain thepresent invention by referring to the figures.

In a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and a Wireless Personal AreaNetwork (WPAN), a method for transmitting data in a contention schemeand a non-contention scheme may be provided. An access point (AP) or apersonal basic service set control point (PCP) of the WLAN and apico-net coordinator (PNC) of the WPAN may classify a time interval fortransmitting data into a contention period and a non-contention period.

In the contention period, every apparatus of a network may be contentionbased on a carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA)scheme to acquire a channel.

In the non-contention period, the AP, PCP, or PNC may use a pollingscheme or a scheme of transmitting scheduling information to enable apredetermined terminal in a network to transmit data in a predeterminedtime interval of the non-contention period.

The present invention provides an apparatus and method for transmittingand receiving data and control information by changing a relay operationtype by a source node, a relay node, and a destination node according toa signal quality status of a direct link between the source node and thedestination node and a relay link of a source node-relaynode-destination node in the non-contention period.

Hereinafter, the source node may indicate a node or a terminal startingtransmission of a data frame. The relay node may indicate a node or aterminal receiving a data frame transmitted from the source node andtransmitting the received data frame to the destination node. Thedestination node may indicate a node or a terminal to be a target of thedata frame transmission.

The source node may transmit a data frame to the destination nodethrough two types of a relay operation which may include a linkswitching type and a link cooperating type.

The link switching type may correspond to a scheme of transmitting adata frame using one of a direct link and a relay link, and transmittinga data frame using the other link by switching to the other link when alink being used has a problem. The problem may indicate a case wheretransmission of a signal is being blocked due to a barrier in the directlink or the relay link, or a case where a quality of a signaldeteriorates below a predetermined level.

The link cooperating type may correspond to a scheme of transmitting adata frame using both of the direct link and the relay link. The sourcenode may transmit a data frame to the destination node through thedirect link, and the source may transmit the same data frame to thedestination node through the relay link. The destination node maycombine signals simultaneously received through two links and restorereceived data. When the relay link is used, the relay node locatedbetween the source node and the destination node may receive a dataframe from the source node and transmit the data frame to thedestination node and thus, a transmission time-point adjustment (TPA)may be performed to enable the destination node to simultaneouslyreceive signals through two links.

In the link switching type, when a signal quality of the direct link anda signal quality of the relay link are relatively poor at the same time,a reception state at the destination node may not be improved eventhough a data transmission path is frequently changed.

In the link cooperating type, when one of the direct link and the relaylink has a problem and the link cooperating type continues to beperformed, the destination node may not receive data through a linkhaving the problem and thus, an assigned time resource may be wasted.Since the destination node partially forms an antenna pattern indirections of the relay node and the source node to simultaneouslyreceive the same data from the relay node and the source node, anantenna gain may be dispersed in two directions. Accordingly, a loss ofantenna gain may occur with respect to a link having the problem betweenthe direct link and the relay link.

Thus, the source node may transmit data appropriately using the linkswitching type or the link cooperating type depending on a case wherethe direct link or the relay link has a problem.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a wideband short-range wirelesscommunication system according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

In the present invention, a source node 110, a relay node 120, and adestination node 130 may perform a link switching function and a linkcooperating function.

The source node 110 may request and acquire information, about theavailable relay node 120 used for performing a link switching or a linkcooperating in a relation with the destination node 130, from an AP orPCP. In this instance, the AP or PCP may transfer the information aboutthe relay node 120 to the destination node 130.

Referring to FIG. 1, when the source node 110 transmits data in a linkswitching type or a link cooperating type, the source node 110 mayreceive an acknowledgement response message (hereinafter, referred to asACK frame) with respect to a reception of data from the destination node130, and may confirm that data are properly transmitted to thedestination node 130. In general, the destination node 130 may transmitthe ACK frame to the source node 110 through a direct link 113.

When the ACK frame is not received continuously for a predeterminedperiod of time from the destination node 130, the source node 110 maydetermine that a signal is blocked from being transmitted in the directlink 113 or a relay link 115, or a signal quality deteriorates below apredetermined level. The source node 110 may measure a quality of a link111 between the source node 110 and the relay node 120, a quality of alink 121 between the relay node 120 and the destination node 130, and aquality of a link 113 between the source node 110 and the destinationnode 113. The source node 110 may determine a link having a problembased on whether the ACK frame is received and a result of measuring asignal quality of each link.

Each of the source node 110, the relay node 120, and the destinationnode 130 may perform different functions in the link switching type andthe link cooperating type. Thus, signaling for changing an operationamong the source node 110, the relay node 120, and the destination node130 may be performed to change a relay operation type from the linkswitching type to the link cooperating type or from the link cooperatingtype to the link switching type.

As an example of signaling for changing an operation, the source node110 may exchange a relay operation change (ROC) request message and anROC response message with the relay node 120 and the destination node130. Further examples of the signaling will be described with referenceto FIG. 3 through FIG. 5.

FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C are diagrams illustrating an action frame of an ROCrequest message and an ROC response message used in a method forwideband short-range wireless communication.

FIG. 2A illustrates an action frame configuring the ROC request message.The action frame may include a medium access control (MAC) header field,an action category field, an action value field, a dialog token field,and a relay operation type field 210.

The MAC header field may include a transmitter address of an apparatusfor transmitting the ROC request message and a receiver address of anapparatus for receiving the ROC request message. The action categoryfield may be set to a category performing wideband short-range wirelesscommunication using a directional antenna, the action value field may beset to a value previously assigned to the ROC request, and the dialogtoken field may be set to a value other than “0.” The relay to operationtype field 210 may indicate the link cooperating type or the linkswitching type, and will be further described with reference to FIG. 2C.

FIG. 2B illustrates an action frame configuring the ROC responsemessage. The action frame may include an MAC header field, an actioncategory field, an action value field, a dialog token field, and astatus code field 220.

The MAC header field may include a transmitter address of an apparatusfor transmitting the ROC request message and a receiver address of anapparatus for receiving the ROC request message. The action categoryfield may be set to a category performing wideband short-range wirelesscommunication using a directional antenna, the action value field may beset to a value previously assigned to the ROC response, and the dialogtoken field may be set to a value of a dial token field of thecorresponding ROC request message.

The status code field 220 may indicate whether a change of the relayoperation type of a relay node or a destination node is approved.Whether a change is approved may be expressed by being set to apredetermined value. As an example only, a value of “0” may be set whenthe change of the relay operation type is approved, and a value of “37”may be set when the change of the relay operation type is not approved.In a case of receiving the status code field 220, including whether thechange of the relay operation type of the relay node and the destinationnode is approved, from the relay node, the status code field 220 wherethe change of the relay operation type is approved may be received onlywhen both of the relay node and the destination node approve the change.When at least one of the relay node and the destination node rejects thechange, the status code field 220 where the change of the relayoperation type is rejected may be received.

FIG. 2C illustrates the relay operation type field 210 of the ROCrequest message. The relay operation type field 210 may include a linkcooperating bit field 230, a relay link bit field 240, and reserved bits250.

The relay operation type field 210 may correspond to a one-byte fieldincluding the link cooperating bit field 230, the relay link bit field240, and the reserved bits 250.

The link cooperating bit field 230 may be set to “1” to indicate a linkcooperating type and may be set to “0” to indicate a link switchingtype. The relay link bit field 240 may have a valid value when the linkcooperating bit field 230 is set to “0” to may be set to “1” when a linkswitching is started at a relay link, and may be set to “0” when a linkswitching is started at a direct link. The reserved bits 250 maycorrespond to bits previously prepared for additional use.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example of changing a relayoperation type from a link cooperating type to a link switching type.

In operation 310, a source node, a relay node, and a destination nodemay operate in the link cooperating type.

In operation 320, in response to an occurrence of a problem at a directlink while operating in the link cooperating type, the source node maydetermine to change the relay operation type to the link switching type.In this instance, the problem occurring at the direct link may indicatea case where a signal is incapable of being transmitted between thesource node and the destination node or deterioration of a link qualityin comparison with a predetermined criterion. The source node may detecta problem in the direct link based on whether an ACK frame is receivedfrom the destination node and a measured link quality between the sourcenode and the destination node.

In operation 331, the source node may perform signaling for changing anoperation to enable the relay node and the destination node to operatein the link switching type. When the direct link has a problem, thesource node may transmit an ROC request message to the relay node to usea relay link. In this instance, a link cooperating bit field may be setto “0” and a relay link bit field may be set to “1” in a relay operationtype field of an action frame configuring the ROC request message sincethe relay operation type is change to the link switching type and a linkswitching is started in the relay link.

In operation 333, after the relay node receives the ROC request message,the relay node may transmit the received ROC request message to thedestination node. After the relay node receives the message from thesource node in a half duplex scheme, the relay node may transmit thereceived message to the destination node. The relay node may transmitthe ROC request message by setting an MAC address of the relay node to atransmitter address of an MAC header and by setting an MAC address ofthe destination node to a receiver address of the MAC header.

In operation 335, the destination node may transmit an ROC responsemessage, corresponding to the ROC request message, to the relay node.The ROC response message may include a status code field indicatingwhether a change of the relay operation type of the destination node isapproved.

In operation 337, after the relay node receives the ROC responsemessage, the relay node may transmit the received ROC response messageto the source node. In this instance, the ROC response messagetransmitted to the source node may include a status code fieldindicating whether a change of the relay operation type of thedestination node and the relay node is approved. When both of thedestination node and the relay node approve the change, a predeterminedbit approving the change of the relay operation type may be set to thestatus code field. When at least one of the destination node and therelay node rejects the change, another predetermined bit rejecting thechange of the relay operation type may be set to the status code field.

In operation 340, the source node may determine whether the change ofthe relay operation type of the destination node and the relay node isapproved through the ROC response message. When the destination node andthe relay node approve the change of the relay operation type, thesource node may transmit a data frame to the relay node. The sourcenode, the relay node, and the destination node may operate in the linkswitching type at the relay link. When at least one of the destinationnode and the relay node rejects the change of the relay operation type,the source node may continue to operate in the link cooperating type.Thereafter, signaling for changing a relay operation may be performedaccording to a predetermined condition.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating another example of changing a relayoperation type from a link cooperating type to a link switching type.

In operation 410, a source node, a relay node, and a destination nodemay operate in the link cooperating type.

In operation 420, in response to an occurrence of a problem in a relaylink while operating in the link cooperating type, the source node maydetermine to change the relay operation type to the link switching type.In this instance, the problem occurring in the relay link may indicate acase where a signal is incapable of being transmitted between the sourcenode and the relay node or between the relay node and the destinationnode or a case where a link quality between the source node and therelay node or a link quality between the relay node and the destinationnode deteriorates in comparison with a predetermined level. The sourcenode may detect a problem in the relay link based on whether an ACKframe is received from the destination node, a measured link qualitybetween the source node and the relay node, and a measured link qualitybetween the relay node and the destination node.

In operation 431, the source node may perform signaling for changing anoperation to enable the destination node to operate in the linkswitching type. When the relay link has a problem, the source node maytransmit an ROC request message to the destination node to use a directlink. In this instance, a link cooperating bit field may be set to “0”and a relay link bit field may be set to “1” in a relay operation typefield of an action frame configuring the ROC request message since therelay operation type is changed to the link switching type and a linkswitching is started in the direct link.

In operation 433, the destination node may transmit an ROC responsemessage corresponding to the ROC request message to the relay node. TheROC response message may include a status code field indicating whetherthe change of the relay operation type of the destination node isapproved. When the destination node approves the change, a predeterminedbit approving the change of the relay operation type may be set to thestatus code field. When the destination node rejects the change, anotherpredetermined bit rejecting the change of the relay operation type maybe set to the status code field.

In operation 440, the source node may determine whether the change ofthe relay operation type of the destination node is approved through theROC response message. When the destination node approves the change ofthe relay operation type, the source node may transmit a data frame tothe destination node. The source node and the destination node mayoperate in the link switching type at the direct link. When thedestination node rejects the change of the relay operation type, thesource node may continue to operate in the link cooperating type.Thereafter, signaling for changing the relay operation may be performedaccording to a predetermined condition.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of changing a relayoperation type from a link switching type to a link cooperating type.

In operation 510, a source node, a relay node, and a destination nodemay operate in a link switching type.

In operation 520, in response to an occurrence of an event whileoperating in the link switching type, the source node may determine tochange the relay operation type to the link cooperating type. In thisinstance, the occurrence of an event may include a passage of timepredetermined to a timer. When a predetermined period of time set to thetimer passes, the source node may determine to change the relayoperation type to the link cooperating type. In a case, where a linkswitching between a relay link and a direct link occurs frequently incomparison with a predetermined level, may be included. In the case,where a link switching between a relay link and a direct link occursfrequently in comparison with a predetermined level, may indicate that alink quality of the relay link and a link quality of the direct link arepoor and thus, a signal having a relatively high quality may be receivedthrough a change to the link cooperating type.

The source node may determine a change of the relay operation type basedon whether an ACK frame is received from the destination node, ameasured link quality between the source node and the relay node, ameasured link quality between the relay node and the destination node,and a measured link quality between the source node and the destinationnode.

The source node may measure a link quality of the direct link not beingused or the relay link while operating in the link switching type. Whena quality of a link not being used is greater than or equal to apredetermined value as a result of the measurement, the relay operationtype may be determined to be changed to the link cooperating type.

In operation 530, the source node may determine whether a beam isformed, using a directional antenna, to operate in the link cooperatingtype among the source node, the relay node, and the destination node.Since the source node, the relay node, and the destination node maycommunicate using the directional antenna, a beamforming process may beused between the source node and the relay node and among the sourcenode, the relay node, and the destination node as a means for performinga communication.

In operation 540, when a beam is not formed, the source node, the relaynode, and the destination node may perform a beamforming process amongthe source node, the relay node, and the destination node.

In operation 550, the source node may determine whether a TPA among thesource node, the relay node, and the destination node is performed. Tooperate in the link cooperating type among the source node, the relaynode, and the destination node, the TPA may be successfully performed.

The TPA may correspond to a process for adjusting a frame transmissiontime-point of the source node and the relay node to enable a frametransmitted from the source node and a frame transmitted from the relaynode are received at the destination node simultaneously or within acyclic prefix. The frame transmission time-point may be adjusted basedon a propagation delay time between the source node and the relay node,a propagation delay time between the destination node and the sourcenode, and a propagation delay time between the destination node and therelay node.

The process for adjusting a frame transmission time-point may include aprocess of adjusting a frequency offset of the source node and the relaynode.

In operation 560, when the process for adjusting a frame transmissiontime-point is not performed, the source node, the relay node, and thedestination node may perform the process for adjusting a frametransmission time-point among the source node, the relay node, and thedestination node.

In operation 571, the source node may perform a signaling for changingan operation to enable the relay node and the destination node tooperate in the link cooperating type. Since the source node may use bothof the direct link and the relay link in the link cooperating type, thesource node may transmit an ROC request message to the relay node to usethe relay link. In this instance, a link cooperating type field may beset to “1” in the relay operation type field of an action frameconfiguring the ROC request message.

In operation 573, after the relay node receives the ROC request message,the relay node may transmit the received ROC request message to thedestination node. The relay node may receive the message from the sourcenode in a half-duplex scheme, and then transmit the received message tothe destination node. The relay node may transmit the ROC requestmessage by setting an MAC address of the relay node to a transmitteraddress of an MAC header and by setting an MAC address of thedestination node to a receiver address of the MAC header.

In operation 575, the destination node may transmit an ROC responsemessage corresponding to the ROC request message to the relay node. TheROC response message may include a status code field indicating whethera change of the relay operation type of the destination node isapproved.

In operation 577, after the relay node receives the ROC responsemessage, the relay node may transmit the received ROC response messageto the source node. In this instance, the ROC response messagetransmitted to the source node may include a status code fieldindicating whether a change of the relay operation type of thedestination node and the relay node is approved. When both of thedestination node and the relay node approve the change, a predeterminedbit approving the change of the relay operation type may be set to thestatus code field. When at least one of the destination node and therelay node rejects the change, another predetermined bit rejecting thechange of the relay operation type may be set to the status code field.

In operation 580, the source node may determine whether the change ofthe relay operation type of the destination node and the relay node isapproved through the ROC response message. When the destination node andthe relay node approve the change of the relay operation type, thesource node may transmit a data frame to the relay node and thedestination node. The source node may transmit the same data frame tothe relay node and the destination node according to a time adjusted bythe TPA. Thus, the destination node may simultaneously receive the samedata frame from the source node and the relay node. In this instance,the destination node may set an antenna pattern of the destination nodeto be simultaneously directed to the source node and the relay node tosimultaneously receive a data frame from the source node and the relaynode. The antenna pattern of the destination node may be previously setto be simultaneously directed to the source node and the relay node inoperation 540.

When at least one of the destination node and the relay node rejects thechange of the relay operation type, the source node may continue tooperate in the link switching type. Thereafter, a signaling of changingthe relay operation may be performed according to a predeterminedcondition.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a method for wideband short-rangewireless communication viewed from a source node. In FIG. 6, anapparatus for wideband short-range wireless communication may correspondto the source node.

In operation 610, the apparatus for wideband short-range wirelesscommunication may determine a change of a relay operation type. When theapparatus for wideband short-range wireless communication does notreceive an ACK frame for a predetermined period of time, the apparatusfor wideband short-range wireless communication may determine to changethe relay operation type based on a link quality between the source nodeand a relay node, a link quality between the relay node and thedestination node, and a link quality between the source node and thedestination node.

The change of the relay operation type may include a change from a linkcooperating type to a link switching type and vice-versa. A case of thechange from the link cooperating type to the link switching type may beclassified into cases where a direct link has a problem and a case wherea relay link has a problem.

When the change of the relay operation type is determined, the apparatusfor wideband short-range wireless communication may perform signalingfor changing an operation. The source node, the relay node, and thedestination node may perform different functions based on whether thelink cooperating type and the link switching type is determined to beused. Thus, when the relay operation type is to be changed, the sourcenode, the relay node, and the destination node may prepare for a changeof operation type. Whether the change of operation is approved may bedetermined to be performed depending on a condition of each node.Accordingly, the source node, the relay node, and the destination nodemay recognize whether the change of operation is approved throughsignaling for changing an operation.

In operation 620, the apparatus for wideband short-range wirelesscommunication may transmit an ROC request message.

In response to a change to the link switching type due to a problemoccurring at the direct link in the link cooperating type, the apparatusfor wideband short-range wireless communication may transmit the ROCrequest message to the relay node to use the relay link.

In response to a change to the link switching type due to a problemoccurring at the relay link in the link cooperating type, the apparatusfor wideband short-range wireless communication may transmit the ROCrequest message to the destination node to use the direct link.

In response to a change to the link cooperating type due to an eventoccurring in the link switching type, the apparatus for widebandshort-range wireless communication may transmit the ROC request messageto the relay node to use both of the direct link and the relay link.

In this instance, the ROC request message may be configured by an actionframe, and the link cooperating type or the link switching type may beset through a link cooperating bit field among relay cooperation typefields of the action frame. In response to a change to the linkswitching type among the relay cooperation type fields, whether a linkswitching starts at the relay link or whether the link switching startsat the direct link may be set through a relay link bit field.

In operation 630, the apparatus for wideband short-range wirelesscommunication may receive an ROC response message corresponding to theROC request message.

In response to a change to the link switching type due to a problemoccurring at the direct link in the link cooperating type, the apparatusfor wideband short-range wireless communication may receive the ROCresponse message from the relay node. The relay node may receive the ROCresponse message from the destination node and transfer the ROC responsemessage to the source node.

In response to a change to the link switching type due to a problemoccurring at the relay link in the link cooperating type, the apparatusfor wideband short-range wireless communication may receive the ROCresponse message from the destination node.

In response to a change to the link cooperating type due to an eventoccurring in the link switching type, the apparatus for widebandshort-range wireless communication may receive the ROC response messagefrom the relay link.

In the ROC response message, whether a change of a relay operation of anode used in the link switching type or the link cooperating type may beset through a status code bit field. A bit corresponding to each of anapproval or a rejection may be set to the status code bit field.

In operation 640, the apparatus for wideband short-range wirelesscommunication may determine whether a change of the relay operation typeis approved through the ROC response message. In response to an approvalto the change of the relay operation type, a data frame may betransmitted with respect to a related node.

When the relay operation type is changed to the link switching type dueto a problem occurring at the direct link in the link cooperating typeand the change to the link switching type is approved, the apparatus forwideband short-range wireless communication may transmit a data frame tothe relay node.

When the relay operation type is changed to the link switching type dueto a problem occurring at the relay link in the link cooperating typeand the change to the link switching type is approved, the apparatus forwideband short-range wireless communication may transmit a data frame tothe destination node.

When the relay operation type is changed to the link cooperating typedue to an event occurring in the link switching type and the change tothe link cooperating type is approved, the apparatus for widebandshort-range wireless communication may transmit a data frame to therelay node and the destination node. In this instance, in response to anapproval to the change of the relay operation, the apparatus forwideband short-range wireless communication may determine whether a TPAis performed among the source node, the relay node, and the destinationnode and may perform the TPA when the TPA is not performed. Even beforethe approval to the change of the relay operation, the apparatus forwideband short-range wireless communication may determine whether a TPAis performed between the relay node and the destination node and mayperform the TPA when the TPA is not performed.

The apparatus for wideband short-range wireless communication mayreceive a link measurement report frame from the relay node. The linkmeasurement report frame may include a first link margin element and asecond link margin element. The first link margin element may indicatelink quality information between the source node and the relay nodemeasured at the relay node, and the second link margin element mayindicate link quality information between the relay node and thedestination node measured at the relay node.

The apparatus for wideband short-range wireless communication may changea modulation and coding scheme used for transmitting a frame to therelay node and the destination node based on the link qualityinformation between the source node and the relay node and the linkquality information between the relay node and the destination node. Theapparatus for wideband short-range wireless communication may modulateand code a frame in a scheme appropriate to a link quality according toa link quality of the relay link.

The apparatus for wideband short-range wireless communication may signalthe change of the relay operation type by adding a link cooperating bitfield and a relay link bit field to header information of a data frameto be transmitted and transmitting a data frame without signaling of apredetermined ROC request and response message. Thus, an interruption ofa data frame transfer due to a signaling of a message may be prevented.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method for wideband short-rangewireless communication viewed from a relay node. In FIG. 7, an apparatusfor wideband short-range wireless communication may correspond to arelay node of a wideband short-range wireless communication system.

Here, the apparatus for wideband short-range wireless communication maybe used for determining a change to a link switching type due to anoccurrence of a problem at a direct link in a link cooperating type andfor determining a change to the link cooperating type due to anoccurrence of an event in the link switching type.

In operation 710, the apparatus for wideband short-range wirelesscommunication may receive an ROC request message from a source node.

In operation 720, the apparatus for wideband short-range wirelesscommunication may transmit an ROC request message to a destination node.

In operation 730, the apparatus for wideband short-range wirelesscommunication may receive an ROC response message corresponding to theROC request message from the destination node.

In operation 740, the apparatus for wideband short-range wirelesscommunication may transmit the response message to the source node.

The apparatus for wideband short-range wireless communication maytransfer the ROC request message and the ROC response message betweenthe source node and the destination node.

The apparatus for wideband short-range wireless communication maymeasure a link quality between the source node and the relay node and alink quality between the relay node and the destination node. Theapparatus for wideband short-range wireless communication may transmit alink measurement report frame to the source node. The link measurementreport frame includes a first link margin element, indicating linkquality information between the source node and the relay node, and asecond link margin element, indicating link quality information betweenthe relay node and the destination node.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method for wideband short-rangewireless communication viewed from a destination node. In FIG. 8, anapparatus for wideband short-range wireless communication may correspondto a destination node of a wideband short-range wireless communicationsystem.

In operation 810, the apparatus for wideband short-range wirelesscommunication may receive an ROC request message.

In response to a change to a link switching type due to a problemoccurring at a direct link in a link cooperating type, the apparatus forwideband short-range wireless communication may receive the ROC requestmessage from a relay node.

In response to a change to the link switching type due to a problemoccurring at a relay link in the link cooperating type, the apparatusfor wideband short-range wireless communication may receive the ROCrequest message from a source node.

In response to a change to a link cooperating type due to an eventoccurring in the link switching type, the apparatus for widebandshort-range wireless communication may receive the ROC request messagefrom the relay node.

In operation 820, the apparatus for wideband short-range wirelesscommunication may transmit an ROC response message.

In response to a change to the link switching type due to a problemoccurring at the direct link in the link cooperating type, the apparatusfor wideband short-range wireless communication may determine whether achange to the link switching type is approved and may transmit the ROCresponse message to the relay node.

In response to a change to the link switching type due to a problemoccurring at the relay link in the link cooperating type, the apparatusfor wideband short-range wireless communication may determine whether achange to the link switching type is approved and may transmit the ROCresponse message to the source node.

In response to a change to the link cooperating type due to an eventoccurring in the link switching type, the apparatus for widebandshort-range wireless communication may determine whether a change to thelink cooperating type is approved and may transmit the ROC responsemessage to the relay node.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an apparatus for wideband short-rangewireless communication. Referring to FIG. 9, the apparatus for widebandshort-range wireless communication may include a link qualitymeasurement unit 910, a control unit 920, a transmitter 930, and areceiver 940.

The link quality measurement unit 910 may measure a link quality betweena source node and a relay node, a link quality between the relay nodeand a destination node, and a link quality between the source node andthe destination node.

The control unit 920 may determine a change of a relay operation type.When the control unit 920 does not receive an ACK frame from thedestination node for a predetermined period of time, the control unit920 may determine a change of the relay operation type based on the linkquality between the source node and the relay node, the link qualitybetween the relay node and the destination node, and the link qualitybetween the source node and the destination node.

In response to an occurrence of a problem at the direct link or therelay link while operating in the link cooperating type, the controlunit 920 may determine to change the relay operation type to the linkswitching type. In this instance, the problem occurring at the directlink or the relay link may indicate a case where a signal is incapableof being transmitted between the source node and the destination node ora link quality deteriorates in comparison with a predetermined level.

In response to an occurrence of an event while operating in the linkswitching type, the control unit 920 may determine to change the relayoperation type to the link cooperating type. In this instance, theoccurrence of an event may include a passage of time preset to a timer.In response to the passage of time preset to the timer, the control unit920 may determine to change the relay operation type from the linkswitching type to the link cooperating type. The occurrence of an eventmay include a case where a link switching between the relay link and thedirect link occurs frequently in comparison with a predetermined level.

The control unit 920 may determine whether a beamforming process isperformed among the source node, the relay node, and the destinationnode, and may determine to perform the beamforming process when thebeamforming process is not performed.

When the beamforming process is performed in the link cooperating typeto before the relay operation type is changed to the link switchingtype, the control unit 920 may reuse a value of a beamforming parameteracquired in the link cooperating type. The control unit 920 may use thetimer to reuse a previously acquired value of a beamforming parameterwhen a change of the relay operation type from the link switching typeto the link cooperating type is determined before a passage of apredetermined period of time set to the timer. When a change of therelay operation type from the link switching type to the linkcooperating type is determined after the predetermined period of timeset to the timer passes, the control unit 920 may re-perform abeamforming process to acquire a new value of the beamforming parameter.

The control unit 920 may determine whether a TPA is performed among thesource node, the relay node, and the destination node, and may determineto perform the TPA when the TPA is not performed.

When the TPA is performed in the link cooperating type before the relayoperation type is changed to the link switching type, the control unit920 may reuse a value of a TPA parameter acquired in the linkcooperating type. The control unit 920 may use a timer to reuse apreviously acquired value of the TPA parameter when the change of therelay operation type from the link switching type to the linkcooperating type is determined before a predetermine period of time setto the timer passes. When a change of the relay operation type from thelink switching type to the link cooperating type is determined after thepredetermined period of time set to the timer passes, the control unit920 may re-perform a TPA to acquire a new value of the TPA parameter.

The control unit 920 may change a modulation and coding scheme used fortransmitting a frame to the relay node and the destination node based onlink quality information between the source node and the relay node andlink quality information between the relay node and the destinationnode.

In response to a determination of a change of the relay operation type,the transmitter 930 may transmit an ROC request message.

In response to a change of the relay operation type to the linkswitching type due to an occurrence of a problem at the direct link inthe link cooperating type, the transmitter 930 may transmit the ROCrequest message to the relay node to use the relay link.

In response to a change of the relay operation type to the linkswitching type to due to an occurrence of a problem at the relay link inthe link cooperating type, the transmitter 930 may transmit the ROCrequest message to the destination node to use the direct link.

In response to a change of the relay operation type to the linkcooperating type due to an occurrence of an event in the link switchingtype, the transmitter 930 may transmit the ROC request message to therelay node to use both of the direct link and the relay link.

The receiver 940 may receive an ROC response message corresponding tothe ROC request message.

When a problem occurs at the direct link in the link cooperating typeand the relay operation type is changed to the link switching type, thereceiver 940 may receive the ROC response message from the relay node.The relay node may receive the ROC response message from the destinationnode and transfer the ROC response message to the source node. In thisinstance, in response to an approval to the change to the link switchingtype, the transmitter 930 may transmit a data frame to the relay node.

When a problem occurs at the relay link in the link cooperating type andthe relay operation type is changed to the link switching type, thereceiver 940 may receive the ROC response message from the destinationnode. In this instance, in response to an approval to the change to thelink switching type, the transmitter 930 may transmit a data frame tothe destination node.

When an event occurs in the link switching type and the relay operationtype is changed to the link cooperating type, the receiver 940 mayreceive the ROC response message from the relay node. In this instance,in response to an approval to the change to the link cooperating type,the transmitter 930 may transmit a data frame to the relay node and thedestination node.

The receiver 940 may receive a link measurement report frame from therelay node.

The method for wideband short-range wireless communication according tothe above-described embodiments may be recorded in non-transitorycomputer-readable media including program instructions to implementvarious operations embodied by a computer. The media may also include,alone or in combination with the program instructions, data files, datastructures, and the like. Examples of program instructions include bothmachine code, such as produced by a compiler, and files containinghigher level code that may be executed by the computer using aninterpreter.

Although a few embodiments of the present invention have been shown anddescribed, the present invention is not limited to the describedembodiments. Instead, it would be appreciated by those skilled in theart that changes may be made to these embodiments without departing fromthe principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which isdefined by the claims and their equivalents.

1. A method for wideband short-range wireless communication, the methodcomprising: determining a change of a relay operation type based on alink quality between a source node and a relay node, a link qualitybetween the relay node and the destination node, and a link qualitybetween the source node and the destination node; transmitting a relayoperation change (ROC) request message in response to a determination ofthe change of the relay operation type; and receiving an ROC responsemessage corresponding to the ROC request to message.
 2. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the ROC request message corresponds to an action frameincluding a medium access control (MAC) header field, an action categoryfield, an action value field, a dialog token field, and a relayoperation type field.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the ROC responsemessage corresponds to an action frame including an MAC header field, anaction category field, an action value field, a dialog token field, anda status code field.
 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the relayoperation type field includes a link cooperating bit field, a relay linkbit field, and reserved bits.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein: thelink cooperating bit field is set to “1” to indicate a link cooperatingtype and is set to “0” to indicate a link switching type, and the relaylink bit field has a valid value when a value of the link cooperatingbit field is set to “0” is set to “1,” when a link switching is startedat a relay link, and is set to “0” when a link switching is performed ata direct link.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the determiningcomprises changing the relay operation type to a link switching typewhen a signal is incapable of being transmitted through a direct link ora link quality deteriorates in comparison with a predetermined criterionat the direct link while operating in a link cooperating type, thetransmitting comprises transmitting the ROC request message to the relaynode, and the receiving comprises receiving the ROC response message,including whether the change of the relay operation type of thedestination node and the relay node is approved, from the relay node. 7.The method of claim 6, wherein: to the ROC request message includes arelay operation type field where a value of a link cooperating bit fieldis set to “0” and a relay link bit field is set to “1” and the ROCresponse message includes a status code field where a predetermined bitis set to indicate whether the change of the relay operation type of thedestination node and the relay node is approved.
 8. The method of claim7, further comprising: transmitting a data frame to the relay node whenthe change of the relay operation type is approved.
 9. The method ofclaim 1, wherein: the determining comprises changing the relay operationtype to a link switching type when a signal is incapable of beingtransmitted through a relay link or a link quality deteriorates incomparison with a predetermined criterion at the relay link whileoperating in a link cooperating type, the transmitting comprisestransmitting the ROC request message to the destination node, and thereceiving comprises receiving the ROC response message, includingwhether the change of the relay operation type is approved, from thedestination node.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein: the ROC requestmessage includes a relay operation type field where a value of a linkcooperating bit field is set to “0” and a relay link bit field is set to“0” and the ROC response message includes a status code field where apredetermined bit is set to indicate whether the change of the relayoperation type of the destination node is approved.
 11. The method ofclaim 10, further comprising: transmitting a data frame to thedestination node when the change of the relay operation type isapproved.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein: the determining compriseschanging the relay operation type to a link cooperating type whileoperating in a link switching type, the transmitting comprisestransmitting the ROC request message to the relay node, and thereceiving comprises receiving the ROC response message, includingwhether the change of the relay operation type of the destination nodeand the relay node is approved, from the relay node.
 13. The method ofclaim 12, wherein: the ROC request message includes a relay operationtype field where a value of a link cooperating bit field is set to “1”and the ROC response message includes a status code field where apredetermined bit is set to indicate whether the change of the relayoperation type of the destination node and the relay node is approved.14. The method of claim 13, further comprising: transmitting a dataframe to the relay node and the destination node based on a scheme ofthe link cooperating type when the change of the relay operation type isapproved.
 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the destination node hasan antenna pattern set to be simultaneously directed to the relay nodeand the source node to simultaneously receive data frames from thesource node and the relay node.
 16. The method of claim 13, furthercomprising: determining whether a transmission time-point adjustment(TPA) is performed among the source node, the relay node, and thedestination node; and performing the TPA among the source node, therelay node, and the destination node when the TPA is yet to beperformed.
 17. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving alink measurement report frame from the relay node, wherein the linkmeasurement report frame includes a first link margin element,indicating link quality information between the source node and therelay node, and a second link margin element, indicating link qualityinformation between the relay node and the destination node.
 18. Themethod of claim 17, further comprising: changing a modulation and codingscheme used for transmitting a frame to the relay node and thedestination node based on the link quality information between thesource node and the relay node and the link quality information betweenthe relay node and the destination node.
 19. A method for widebandshort-range wireless communication, the method comprising: receiving arelay operation change (ROC) request message from a source node inresponse to a determination of a change of a relay operation type;transmitting the received ROC request message to a destination node;receiving an ROC response message, corresponding to the ROC requestmessage, from the destination node; and transmitting the received ROCresponse message to the source node.
 20. The method of claim 19, whereinthe transmitting to the destination node comprises transmitting the ROCrequest message by setting a medium access control (MAC) address of arelay node to a transmitter address of an MAC header and by setting anMAC address of the destination node to a receiver address of the MACheader.
 21. The method of claim 19, further comprising: measuring a linkquality between the source node and a relay node and a link qualitybetween the relay node and the destination node; and transmitting, tothe source node, a link measurement report frame including a first linkmargin element indicating link quality information between the sourcenode and the relay node and a second link margin element indicating linkquality information to between the relay node and the destination node.22. A method for wideband short-range wireless communication, the methodcomprising: receiving a relay operation change (ROC) request message inresponse to a determination of a change of a relay operation type; andtransmitting an ROC response message corresponding to the ROC requestmessage.
 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the receiving comprises:receiving the ROC request message from a relay node when the relayoperation type is determined to be changed from a link cooperating typeto a link switching type due to an incapability of transmitting a signalthrough a direct link between a source node and a destination node ordue to a deterioration in a link quality in comparison with apredetermined criterion at the direct link, and receiving the ROCrequest message from the source node when the relay operation type isdetermined to be changed from a link cooperating type to a linkswitching type due to an incapability of transmitting a signal through arelay link among the source node, the relay node, and the destinationnode or due to a deterioration in a link quality in comparison with apredetermined criterion at the relay link.
 24. The method of claim 22,wherein the receiving comprises receiving the ROC request message from arelay node when the relay operation type is determined to be changedfrom a link switching type to a link cooperating type.
 25. The method ofclaim 22, wherein the transmitting comprises: transmitting the ROCresponse message to a relay node when the relay operation type isdetermined to be changed from a link cooperating type to a linkswitching type due to an incapability of transmitting a signal through adirect link between a source node and a destination node or due to adeterioration in a link quality in comparison with a predeterminedcriterion at the direct link, and transmitting the ROC response messageto the source node when the relay operation type is determined to bechanged from a link cooperating type to a link switching type due to anincapability of transmitting a signal through a relay link among thesource node, the relay node, and the destination node or due to adeterioration in a link quality in comparison with a predeterminedcriterion at the relay link.
 26. The method of claim 22, wherein thetransmitting comprises transmitting the ROC response message to a relaynode when the relay operation type is determined to be changed from alink switching type to a link cooperating type.
 27. An apparatus forwideband short-range wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: acontrol unit to determine a change of a relay operation type based on alink quality between a source node and a relay node, a link qualitybetween the relay node and the destination node, and a link qualitybetween the source node and the destination node; a transmitter totransmit a relay operation change (ROC) request message in response to adetermination of the change of the relay operation type; and a receiverto receive an ROC response message corresponding to the ROC requestmessage.
 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein: the control unitdetermines to change the relay operation type to a link switching typewhen a signal is incapable of being transmitted through a direct link ora link quality deteriorates in comparison with a predetermined criterionat the direct link while operating in a link cooperating type, thetransmitter transmits the ROC request message to the relay node, and thereceiver receives the ROC response message, including whether the changeof the relay operation type of the destination node and the relay nodeis approved, from the relay node.
 29. The apparatus of claim 28, whereinthe transmitter transmits a data frame to the relay node when the changeof the relay operation type is approved.
 30. The apparatus of claim 27,wherein: the control unit determines to change the relay operation typeto a link switching type when a signal is incapable of being transmittedthrough a relay link or a link quality deteriorates in comparison with apredetermined criterion at the relay link while operating in a linkcooperating type, the transmitter transmits the ROC request message tothe destination node, and the receiver receives the ROC responsemessage, including whether the change of the relay operation type isapproved, from the destination node.
 31. The apparatus of claim 30,wherein the transmitter transmits a data frame to the destination nodewhen the change of the relay operation type is approved.
 32. Theapparatus of claim 27, wherein: the control unit determines to changethe relay operation type to a link cooperating type while operating in alink switching type, the transmitter transmits the ROC request messageto the relay node, and the receiver receives the ROC response message,including whether the change of the relay operation type of thedestination node and the relay node is approved, from the relay node.33. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the control unit reuses anexisting value of a beamforming parameter and a value of a transmissiontime-point adjustment (TPA) parameter in response to a determination ofa change of the relay operation type from the link switching type to thelink cooperating type before a period of time, set to a timer, passesand re-performs a beamforming process and a TPA process in response to adetermination of a change of the relay operation type from the linkswitching type to the link cooperating type after a period of time, setto the timer, passes.
 34. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein thetransmitter transmits a data frame to the relay node and the destinationnode based on the link cooperating type to scheme when the change of therelay operation type is approved.
 35. The apparatus of claim 27, furthercomprising: a link quality measurement unit to measure the link qualitybetween the source node and the relay node, the link quality between therelay node and the destination node, and the link quality between thesource node and the destination node.